---
title: 1 Samuel 19:22 (JPS 1917) — Then went he also to Ramah, and came to the great cistern that is in… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then went he also to Ramah, and came to the great cistern that is in Secu; and he asked and said: 'Where are Samuel and David?' And one said: 'Behold, they are at Naioth in Ramah.' Who acts: Saul, great cistern, one, messengers. 1 Samuel 19:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# 1 Samuel 19:22 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then went he also to Ramah, and came to the great cistern that is in Secu; and he asked and said: 'Where are Samuel and David?' And one said: 'Behold, they are at Naioth in Ramah.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Saul, great cistern, one, messengers · **What happens:** go, come, be, ask, say · **To what, where:** Ramah, great cistern, Secu, Samuel, Naioth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 19:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, great cistern, one, messengers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:572
# text = Then went he also to Ramah, and came to the great cistern that is in Secu; and he asked and said: 'Where are Samuel and David?' And one said: 'Behold, they are at Naioth in Ramah.'
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Ramah	Ramah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	cistern	cistern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Secu	Secu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	acl:relcl	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
25	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	_
26	Where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	28	advmod	_	_
27	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	Samuel	Samuel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	ccomp	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
31	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	_
32	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	_
33	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	35	nsubj	_	_
35	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
36	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	43	punct	_	_
37	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	43	punct	_	_
38	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	43	discourse	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
40	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	nsubj	_	_
41	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	43	cop	_	_
42	at	at	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	Naioth	Naioth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	ccomp	_	_
44	in	in	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	Ramah	Ramah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	43	punct	_	_
47	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	43	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Saul |  |  | Ramah | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to ramah=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **come** | past | Saul *not said here* |  |  | the great cistern |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to cistern=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **is** | present | the great cistern |  |  | Secu |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Saul |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Saul *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **is a** | present |  | Samuel and David |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | one |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **is** | present | messengers *= messenger* |  |  | Naioth |  | in Ramah | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ גַּם־ה֜וּא הָרָמָ֗תָה וַיָּבֹא֙ עַד־בּ֤וֹר הַגָּדוֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשֶּׂ֔כוּ וַיִּשְׁאַ֣ל וַיֹּ֔אמֶר אֵיפֹ֥ה שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל וְדָוִ֑ד וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּ֖ה בְּנָי֥וֹת בָּרָמָֽה׃

[1 Samuel 19:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:572` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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