--- title: 1 Samuel 20:1 (JPS 1917) — And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonath… · tree and pragmatics description: And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan: 'What have I done? what is mine iniquity? and what is my sin before thy father, that he seeketh my life?' Who acts: David, I, iniquity. 1 Samuel 20:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.576/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/) / [20:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.1/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 20:1 · JPS 1917 And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan: 'What have I done? what is mine iniquity? and what is my sin before thy father, that he seeketh my life?' **Who acts:** David, I, iniquity · **What happens:** flee, come, say, do, be, seek · **To what, where:** Naioth, iniquity, sin, life · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Samuel 20:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, I, iniquity), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:576 # text = And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan: 'What have I done? what is mine iniquity? and what is my sin before thy father, that he seeketh my life?' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 fled flee VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 from from ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Naioth Naioth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 Ramah Ramah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 13 before before ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 Jonathan Jonathan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 16 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ _ 17 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 20 obj _ _ 18 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 19 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 done do VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 12 ccomp _ _ 21 ? ? PUNCT . _ 20 punct _ _ 22 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 25 nsubj _ _ 23 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 24 mine mine PRON PRP Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 iniquity iniquity NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 parataxis _ _ 26 ? ? PUNCT . _ 25 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 28 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 31 nsubj _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 30 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 sin sin NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 32 before before ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nmod _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 36 that that SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 37 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 38 seeketh seek VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 acl:relcl _ _ 39 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 40 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 41 ? ? PUNCT . _ 20 punct _ _ 42 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: changed act=ask | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **flee** | past | David | | | Naioth | | in Ramah | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from naioth=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **come** | past | David *not said here* | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David *not said here* | | | | before Jonathan | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **do** | present · perfect | I | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | | 5 | **is a** | present | | mine iniquity and my sin | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **is a** | present | mine iniquity and my sin | my sin | | | before thy father | | tree rules | | 7 | **seek** | present | David | my life | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּבְרַ֣ח דָּוִ֔ד מִנָּי֖וֹת בָּרָמָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֞א וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן מֶ֤ה עָשִׂ֙יתִי֙ מֶֽה־עֲוֺנִ֤י וּמֶֽה־חַטָּאתִי֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ כִּ֥י מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־נַפְשִֽׁי׃ [1 Samuel 20:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.1/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:576` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 19:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.575/) - next →: [1 Samuel 20:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.577/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 20:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.1/)