--- title: 1 Samuel 20:3 (JPS 1917) — And David swore moreover, and said: 'Thy father knoweth well that I… · tree and pragmatics description: And David swore moreover, and said: 'Thy father knoweth well that I have found favour in thine eyes; and he saith: Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved; but truly as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death.' Who acts: David, father, I, Jonathan. 1 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.578/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/) / [20:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.3/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 20:3 · JPS 1917 And David swore moreover, and said: 'Thy father knoweth well that I have found favour in thine eyes; and he saith: Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved; but truly as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death.' **Who acts:** David, father, I, Jonathan, LORD, soul · **What happens:** swear, say, know, find, not let, grieve · **To what, where:** favour, eyes, Jonathan, this, David · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Samuel 20:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, father, I, Jonathan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:578 # text = And David swore moreover, and said: 'Thy father knoweth well that I have found favour in thine eyes; and he saith: Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved; but truly as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 swore swear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 moreover moreover ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 9 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ _ 10 Thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 knoweth know VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 ccomp _ _ 13 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 12 advmod _ _ 14 that that SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 15 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 16 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 12 ccomp _ _ 18 favour favour NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 thine thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 saith say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 26 : : PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 27 Let let VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 ccomp _ _ 28 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 27 advmod _ _ 29 Jonathan Jonathan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 30 know know VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 xcomp _ _ 31 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 30 obj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 33 lest lest SCONJ IN _ 36 mark _ _ 34 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj:pass _ _ 35 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 36 aux:pass _ _ 36 grieved grieve VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 30 advcl _ _ 37 ; ; PUNCT : _ 52 punct _ _ 38 but but CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 39 truly truly ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 40 as as SCONJ IN _ 43 mark _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ _ 43 liveth live VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 52 advcl _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 45 and and CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 46 as as SCONJ IN _ 49 mark _ _ 47 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 48 nmod:poss _ _ 48 soul soul NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 nsubj _ _ 49 liveth live VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 52 advcl _ _ 50 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 51 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 52 expl _ _ 52 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 53 but but ADV RB _ 55 advmod _ _ 54 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 55 det _ _ 55 step step NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 nsubj _ _ 56 between between ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 57 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 55 nmod _ _ 58 and and CCONJ CC _ 59 cc _ _ 59 death death NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 conj _ _ 60 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 61 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: evaluate - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **swear** | past | David | | | | | moreover *property* | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **know** | present | Thy father | | | | | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 4 | **find** | present · perfect | I | favour | | thine eyes | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent favour=Topic | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **not** **let** | infinitive | | Jonathan | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **know** | infinitive | Jonathan *not said here* | this | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus | | 8 | **grieve** | infinitive · passive | | David | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | | 9 | **live** | present | the LORD | | | | | truly *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 10 | **live** | present | thy soul | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 11 | **be** | present | a step between me | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּשָּׁבַ֨ע ע֜וֹד דָּוִ֗ד וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יָדֹ֨עַ יָדַ֜ע אָבִ֗יךָ כִּֽי־מָצָ֤אתִי חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אַל־יֵֽדַע־זֹ֥את יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן פֶּן־יֵֽעָצֵ֑ב וְאוּלָ֗ם חַי־יְהוָה֙ וְחֵ֣י נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ כִּ֣י כְפֶ֔שַׂע בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵ֥ין הַמָּֽוֶת׃ [1 Samuel 20:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.3/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:578` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 20:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.577/) - next →: [1 Samuel 20:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.579/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 20:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.3/)