---
title: 1 Samuel 20:5 (JPS 1917) — And David said unto Jonathan: 'Behold, to-morrow is the new moon, wh… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David said unto Jonathan: 'Behold, to-morrow is the new moon, when I should sit with the king to eat; so let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even. Who acts: David, morrow, I, me. 1 Samuel 20:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# 1 Samuel 20:5 · JPS 1917

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And David said unto Jonathan: 'Behold, to-morrow is the new moon, when I should sit with the king to eat; so let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even.

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**Who acts:** David, morrow, I, me · **What happens:** say, be, sit, eat, let, go · **To what, where:** new moon, me, myself, field · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 20:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, morrow, I, me), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:580
# text = And David said unto Jonathan: 'Behold, to-morrow is the new moon, when I should sit with the king to eat; so let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	_
8	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	16	discourse	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	_
12	morrow	morrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	21	advmod	_	_
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	acl:relcl	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	advcl	_	_
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
28	so	so	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
30	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	_
31	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	xcomp	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
33	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
34	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
35	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
36	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	advcl	_	_
37	myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	36	obj	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
41	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
43	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	44	amod	_	_
44	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
45	at	at	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	even	even	ADV	RB	_	44	nmod	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: evaluate
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David |  |  |  |  | unto Jonathan | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | morrow | the new moon |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sit** | should | I |  |  |  |  | with the king | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **eat** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **let** | infinitive |  | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **go** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **hide** | may | I | myself |  | the field | day |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent myself=Patient in field=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן הִֽנֵּה־חֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ מָחָ֔ר וְאָנֹכִ֛י יָשֹׁב־אֵשֵׁ֥ב עִם־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֶאֱכ֑וֹל וְשִׁלַּחְתַּ֙נִי֙ וְנִסְתַּרְתִּ֣י בַשָּׂדֶ֔ה עַ֖ד הָעֶ֥רֶב הַשְּׁלִשִֽׁית׃

[1 Samuel 20:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:580` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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