--- title: 1 Samuel 20:12 (JPS 1917) — And Jonathan said unto David: 'The LORD, the God of Israel — when I… · tree and pragmatics description: And Jonathan said unto David: 'The LORD, the God of Israel — when I have sounded my father about this time to-morrow, or the third day, behold, if there be good toward David, shall I not then send unto thee, and disclose it unto thee? Who acts: Jonathan, I, good, LORD. 1 Samuel 20:12 in JPS 1917 wit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.587/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/) / [20:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.12/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 20:12 · JPS 1917 And Jonathan said unto David: 'The LORD, the God of Israel — when I have sounded my father about this time to-morrow, or the third day, behold, if there be good toward David, shall I not then send unto thee, and disclose it unto thee? **Who acts:** Jonathan, I, good, LORD · **What happens:** say, sound, be, not send, disclose · **To what, where:** father, morrow · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Samuel 20:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jonathan, I, good, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:587 # text = And Jonathan said unto David: 'The LORD, the God of Israel — when I have sounded my father about this time to-morrow, or the third day, behold, if there be good toward David, shall I not then send unto thee, and disclose it unto thee? 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Jonathan Jonathan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 7 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 8 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 47 nsubj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 appos _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 15 — - PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 16 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 19 advmod _ _ 17 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 18 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 19 sounded sound VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 47 advcl _ _ 20 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 22 about about ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 24 det _ _ 24 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 25 to to ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 27 punct _ _ 27 morrow morrow NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 29 or or CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 31 third third ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 32 amod _ _ 32 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 conj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 34 behold behold INTJ UH _ 38 discourse _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 36 if if SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 37 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 38 expl _ _ 38 be be VERB VB Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 47 advcl _ _ 39 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 nsubj _ _ 40 toward toward ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 39 obl _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 43 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 47 aux _ _ 44 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 47 nsubj _ _ 45 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 47 advmod _ _ 46 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 47 advmod _ _ 47 send send VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 ccomp _ _ 48 unto unto ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 49 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 47 obl _ _ 50 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 51 and and CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 52 disclose disclose VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 47 conj _ _ 53 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 52 obj _ _ 54 unto unto ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 55 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 52 obl _ _ 56 ? ? PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=ask, indirect=0, form=q | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jonathan | | | | | unto David | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **sound** | present · perfect | I | my father | | | time | to morrow or the third day | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location father=Theme | | 3 | **be** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive | good | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **not** **send** | shall | the LORD | | | | then | unto thee | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **disclose** | infinitive | the LORD *not said here* | morrow | | | | unto thee | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot it=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־אֶחְקֹ֣ר אֶת־אָבִ֗י כָּעֵ֤ת ׀ מָחָר֙ הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֔ית וְהִנֵּה־ט֖וֹב אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְלֹֽא־אָז֙ אֶשְׁלַ֣ח אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְגָלִ֖יתִי אֶת־אָזְנֶֽךָ׃ [1 Samuel 20:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.12/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:587` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 20:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.586/) - next →: [1 Samuel 20:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.588/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 20:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.12/)