---
title: 1 Samuel 20:22 (JPS 1917) — But if I say thus unto the boy: Behold, the arrows are beyond thee;… · tree and pragmatics
description: But if I say thus unto the boy: Behold, the arrows are beyond thee; go thy way; for the LORD hath sent thee away. Who acts: I, arrows, LORD. 1 Samuel 20:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 20:22 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But if I say thus unto the boy: Behold, the arrows are beyond thee; go thy way; for the LORD hath sent thee away.

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**Who acts:** I, arrows, LORD · **What happens:** say, be, go, send away · **To what, where:** way, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 20:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, arrows, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:598
# text = But if I say thus unto the boy: Behold, the arrows are beyond thee; go thy way; for the LORD hath sent thee away.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
10	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	16	discourse	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	ccomp	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
18	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	16	parataxis	_	_
19	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
22	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
25	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
27	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	26	obj	_	_
28	away	away	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | I |  |  |  |  | unto the boy; thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the arrows |  |  |  |  | beyond thee | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive |  | thy way |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme |
| 4 | **send away** | present · perfect | the LORD | thee |  |  |  | away *property* | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאִם־כֹּ֤ה אֹמַר֙ לָעֶ֔לֶם הִנֵּ֥ה הַחִצִּ֖ים מִמְּךָ֣ וָהָ֑לְאָה לֵ֕ךְ כִּ֥י שִֽׁלַּחֲךָ֖ יְהוָֽה׃

[1 Samuel 20:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:598` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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