---
title: 1 Samuel 20:28 (JPS 1917) — And Jonathan answered Saul: 'David earnestly asked leave of me to go… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Jonathan answered Saul: 'David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Beth-lehem; Who acts: Jonathan, David, leave. 1 Samuel 20:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 20:28 · JPS 1917

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And Jonathan answered Saul: 'David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Beth-lehem;

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**Who acts:** Jonathan, David, leave · **What happens:** answer, ask, go · **To what, where:** Saul, leave, Beth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 20:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jonathan, David, leave), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:604
# text = And Jonathan answered Saul: 'David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Beth-lehem;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
6	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
7	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	earnestly	earnestly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
10	leave	leave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nmod	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Beth	Beth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	_
18	lehem	Beth-lehem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	flat	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Jonathan |  | Saul |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | David | leave of me |  |  |  | earnestly *property* | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent leave=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | leave of me *not said here* |  |  | Beth |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to beth=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּ֥עַן יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן אֶת־שָׁא֑וּל נִשְׁאֹ֨ל נִשְׁאַ֥ל דָּוִ֛ד מֵעִמָּדִ֖י עַד־בֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם בֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃

[1 Samuel 20:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.28/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:604` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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