---
title: 1 Samuel 20:35 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little lad with him. Who acts: food, Jonathan. 1 Samuel 20:35 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 20:35 · JPS 1917

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And it came to pass in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little lad with him.

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**Who acts:** food, Jonathan · **What happens:** come, pass, go out, appoint · **To what, where:** field, time

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This is 1 Samuel 20:35 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (food, Jonathan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:613
# text = And it came to pass in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little lad with him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	csubj	_	_
13	out	out	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
20	appointed	appoint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	lad	lad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
28	with	with	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nmod	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | food |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | food *not said here* |  |  |  | morning |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go out** | past | Jonathan |  |  | the field | time | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **appoint** | participle |  | the time *not said here* |  |  |  | with David | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיֵּצֵ֧א יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה לְמוֹעֵ֣ד דָּוִ֑ד וְנַ֥עַר קָטֹ֖ן עִמּֽוֹ׃

[1 Samuel 20:35: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.35/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:613` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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