---
title: 1 Samuel 20:39 (JPS 1917) — But the lad knew not any thing; only Jonathan and David knew the mat… · tree and pragmatics
description: But the lad knew not any thing; only Jonathan and David knew the matter. Who acts: lad, Jonathan. 1 Samuel 20:39 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 20:39 · JPS 1917

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But the lad knew not any thing; only Jonathan and David knew the matter.

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**Who acts:** lad, Jonathan · **What happens:** not know, know · **To what, where:** thing, matter

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This is 1 Samuel 20:39 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lad, Jonathan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:617
# text = But the lad knew not any thing; only Jonathan and David knew the matter.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	lad	lad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
6	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
10	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **know** | past | the lad | any thing |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |
| 2 | **know** | past | Jonathan and David | the matter |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer matter=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְהַנַּ֖עַר לֹֽא־יָדַ֣ע מְא֑וּמָה אַ֤ךְ יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ וְדָוִ֔ד יָדְע֖וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָֽר׃

[1 Samuel 20:39: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.39/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:617` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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