---
title: 1 Samuel 20:40 (JPS 1917) — And Jonathan gave his weapons unto his lad, and said unto him: 'Go,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Jonathan gave his weapons unto his lad, and said unto him: 'Go, carry them to the city.' Who acts: Jonathan. 1 Samuel 20:40 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.618/)

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# 1 Samuel 20:40 · JPS 1917

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And Jonathan gave his weapons unto his lad, and said unto him: 'Go, carry them to the city.'

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**Who acts:** Jonathan · **What happens:** give, say, go, carry · **To what, where:** weapons, city · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 20:40 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jonathan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:618
# text = And Jonathan gave his weapons unto his lad, and said unto him: 'Go, carry them to the city.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	lad	lad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	_
16	Go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
24	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=narrate, voice=narrator

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Jonathan | Jonathan's weapons |  |  |  | unto Jonathan's lad | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weapon=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jonathan *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto Jonathan | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **carry** | infinitive |  | weapons *= weapon* |  | the city |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to city=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ אֶת־כֵּלָ֔יו אֶל־הַנַּ֖עַר אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ לֵ֖ךְ הָבֵ֥יא הָעִֽיר׃

[1 Samuel 20:40: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.40/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:618` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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