---
title: 1 Samuel 20:41 (JPS 1917) — And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward the South, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed down three times; and they kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded. Who acts: lad, David, weapons. 1 Samuel 20:41 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tr
---

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# 1 Samuel 20:41 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward the South, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed down three times; and they kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded.

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**Who acts:** lad, David, weapons · **What happens:** be, arise, fall, bow down, kiss, weep · **To what, where:** place, face, one

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 20:41 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lad, David, weapons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:619
# text = And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward the South, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed down three times; and they kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	as	as	ADV	RB	_	8	mark	_	_
3	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	fixed	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lad	lad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	gone	gone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	advcl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	bowed	bow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
31	down	down	ADP	RP	_	30	compound:prt	_	_
32	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	33	nummod	_	_
33	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl:unmarked	_	_
34	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
37	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
38	one	one	PRON	CD	PronType=Rcp	37	obj	_	_
39	another	another	PRON	DT	PronType=Rcp	38	fixed	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	wept	weep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	conj	_	_
43	one	one	PRON	CD	PronType=Rcp	42	obj	_	_
44	with	with	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	another	another	PRON	DT	PronType=Rcp	43	nmod	_	_
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
47	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	49	mark	_	_
48	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	nsubj	_	_
49	exceeded	exceed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	advcl	_	_
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the lad |  |  |  |  | gone *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **arise** | past | David |  |  | a place toward the South |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out place=Location |
| 3 | **fall** | past | David *not said here* |  |  | lad's face |  | to the ground | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on face=Location |
| 4 | **bow down** | past | David *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **kiss** | past | weapons *= weapon* | one |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Co-Agent |
| 6 | **weep** | past | weapons *= weapon* *not said here* | one |  |  |  | with another | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 7 | **exceed** | past | David |  |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הַנַּעַר֮ בָּא֒ וְדָוִ֗ד קָ֚ם מֵאֵ֣צֶל הַנֶּ֔גֶב וַיִּפֹּ֨ל לְאַפָּ֥יו אַ֛רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ פְּעָמִ֑ים וַֽיִּשְּׁק֣וּ ׀ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֗הוּ וַיִּבְכּוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ עַד־דָּוִ֖ד הִגְדִּֽיל׃

[1 Samuel 20:41: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.41/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:619` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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