--- title: 1 Samuel 21:2 (JPS 1917) — Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest; and Ahimelech came t… · tree and pragmatics description: Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest; and Ahimelech came to meet David trembling, and said unto him: 'Why art thou alone, and no man with thee?' Who acts: David, Ahimelech. 1 Samuel 21:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.621/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/21/) / [21:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.2/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 21:2 · JPS 1917 Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest; and Ahimelech came to meet David trembling, and said unto him: 'Why art thou alone, and no man with thee?' **Who acts:** David, Ahimelech · **What happens:** come, meet, tremble, say, be · **To what, where:** Ahimelech, Nob, David · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Samuel 21:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, Ahimelech), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:621 # text = Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest; and Ahimelech came to meet David trembling, and said unto him: 'Why art thou alone, and no man with thee?' 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 2 advmod _ _ 2 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 ccomp _ _ 3 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 4 to to ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Nob Nob PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 to to ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 Ahimelech Ahimelech PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 priest priest NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 appos _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 Ahimelech Ahimelech PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 14 to to PART TO _ 15 mark _ _ 15 meet meet VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 advcl _ _ 16 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 17 trembling tremble VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 13 advcl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 21 unto unto ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ _ 23 : : PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 24 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 28 punct _ _ 25 Why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 26 advmod _ _ 26 art be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 cop _ _ 27 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 26 nsubj _ _ 28 alone alone ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 31 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 32 det _ _ 32 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 conj _ _ 33 with with ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 32 nmod _ _ 35 ? ? PUNCT . _ 28 punct _ _ 36 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 28 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: evaluate - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: changed indirect=0 | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | David | | Ahimelech | Nob | then | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to nob=Initial\_Location to ahimelech=Destination | | 2 | **come** | past | Ahimelech | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **meet** | to-infinitive | Ahimelech *not said here* | David | | | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent david=Co-Agent | | 4 | **tremble** | gerund | Ahimelech *not said here* | | | | | | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ahimelech *not said here* | | | | | unto David | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is** | present | | | | | | alone *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיָּבֹ֤א דָוִד֙ נֹ֔בֶה אֶל־אֲחִימֶ֖לֶךְ הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וַיֶּחֱרַ֨ד אֲחִימֶ֜לֶךְ לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֗ד וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ מַדּ֤וּעַ אַתָּה֙ לְבַדֶּ֔ךָ וְאִ֖ישׁ אֵ֥ין אִתָּֽךְ׃ [1 Samuel 21:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.2/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:621` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 20:42 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.620/) - next →: [1 Samuel 21:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.622/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 21:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.2/)