---
title: 1 Samuel 21:5 (JPS 1917) — And the priest answered David, and said: 'There is no common bread u… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the priest answered David, and said: 'There is no common bread under my hand, but there is holy bread; if only the young men have kept themselves from women.' Who acts: priest, common bread, holy bread, young men. 1 Samuel 21:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# 1 Samuel 21:5 · JPS 1917

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And the priest answered David, and said: 'There is no common bread under my hand, but there is holy bread; if only the young men have kept themselves from women.'

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**Who acts:** priest, common bread, holy bread, young men · **What happens:** answer, say, be, keep · **To what, where:** David, hand, loaves · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 21:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (priest, common bread, holy bread, young men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:624
# text = And the priest answered David, and said: 'There is no common bread under my hand, but there is holy bread; if only the young men have kept themselves from women.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	priest	priest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	_
11	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	12	expl	_	_
12	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	15	det	_	_
14	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
16	under	under	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	22	expl	_	_
22	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
23	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
26	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
27	only	only	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
31	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	advcl	_	_
33	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	32	obj	_	_
34	from	from	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
37	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | the priest |  | David |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent david=Eventuality |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the priest *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **be** | present | no common bread |  |  | my hand; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under hand=Location |
| 4 | **be** | present | holy bread |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **keep** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · perfect | the young men | loaves *= loaf* |  |  |  | from women | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer themselves=Beneficiary from woman=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּ֨עַן הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־דָּוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר אֵֽין־לֶ֥חֶם חֹ֖ל אֶל־תַּ֣חַת יָדִ֑י כִּֽי־אִם־לֶ֤חֶם קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יֵ֔שׁ אִם־נִשְׁמְר֥וּ הַנְּעָרִ֖ים אַ֥ךְ מֵאִשָּֽׁה׃פ

[1 Samuel 21:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:624` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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