---
title: 1 Samuel 21:13 (JPS 1917) — And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of A… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath. Who acts: David. 1 Samuel 21:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 21:13 · JPS 1917

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And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.

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**Who acts:** David · **What happens:** lay up, be · **To what, where:** words, heart

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This is 1 Samuel 21:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:633
# text = And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	sore	sore	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Achish	Achish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Gath	Gath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay up** | past | David | this words |  | David's heart |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent word=Theme in heart=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | past | David *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of Achish; afraid, sore *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיָּ֧שֶׂם דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בִּלְבָב֑וֹ וַיִּרָ֣א מְאֹ֔ד מִפְּנֵ֖י אָכִ֥ישׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־גַּֽת׃

[1 Samuel 21:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:633` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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