---
title: 1 Samuel 21:15 (JPS 1917) — Then said Achish unto his servants: 'Lo, when ye see a man that is m… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then said Achish unto his servants: 'Lo, when ye see a man that is mad, wherefore do ye bring him to me? Who acts: Achish, ye, man. 1 Samuel 21:15 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 21:15 · JPS 1917

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Then said Achish unto his servants: 'Lo, when ye see a man that is mad, wherefore do ye bring him to me?

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**Who acts:** Achish, ye, man · **What happens:** say, see, be, bring · **To what, where:** man, Achish, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 21:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Achish, ye, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:635
# text = Then said Achish unto his servants: 'Lo, when ye see a man that is mad, wherefore do ye bring him to me?
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Achish	Achish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	_
9	Lo	lo	INTJ	UH	_	23	discourse	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
12	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nsubj	_	_
13	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	mad	mad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	advmod	_	_
21	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	nsubj	_	_
23	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	_
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- indirect: yes
- teacher: changed polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Achish |  |  |  | then | unto Achish's servants | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **see** | present | ye | a man |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is** | present | a man |  |  |  |  | mad *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **bring** | present · do-support | ye | Achish | me |  |  | wherefore *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme to i=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אָכִ֖ישׁ אֶל־עֲבָדָ֑יו הִנֵּ֤ה תִרְאוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִשְׁתַּגֵּ֔עַ לָ֛מָּה תָּבִ֥יאוּ אֹת֖וֹ אֵלָֽי׃

[1 Samuel 21:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.15/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:635` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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