---
title: 1 Samuel 22:1 (JPS 1917) — David therefore departed thence, and escaped to the cave of Adullam;… · tree and pragmatics
description: David therefore departed thence, and escaped to the cave of Adullam; and when his brethren and all his father's house heard it, they went down thither to him. Who acts: David, brethren. 1 Samuel 22:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 22:1 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
David therefore departed thence, and escaped to the cave of Adullam; and when his brethren and all his father's house heard it, they went down thither to him.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** David, brethren · **What happens:** depart, escape, hear, go down · **To what, where:** cave, house, David

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 22:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, brethren), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:637
# text = David therefore departed thence, and escaped to the cave of Adullam; and when his brethren and all his father's house heard it, they went down thither to him.
1	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	departed	depart	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	thence	thence	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	escaped	escape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Adullam	Adullam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
15	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	24	mark	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	brethren	brethren	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
19	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	23	det:predet	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	's	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
24	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	advcl	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
29	down	down	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
30	thither	thither	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obl	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depart** | past | David |  |  |  |  | thence, therefore *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **escape** | past | David *not said here* |  |  | the cave of Adullam |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to cave=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **hear** | past | David's brethren and David's father's house | house |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 4 | **go down** | past | brethren |  | David |  |  | down, thither *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ דָּוִד֙ מִשָּׁ֔ם וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט אֶל־מְעָרַ֣ת עֲדֻלָּ֑ם וַיִּשְׁמְע֤וּ אֶחָיו֙ וְכָל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו וַיֵּרְד֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו שָֽׁמָּה׃

[1 Samuel 22:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:637` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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