---
title: 1 Samuel 22:2 (JPS 1917) — And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became captain over them; and there were with him about four hundred men. Who acts: one, David. 1 Samuel 22:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# 1 Samuel 22:2 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became captain over them; and there were with him about four hundred men.

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**Who acts:** one, David · **What happens:** be, discontent, gather, become · **To what, where:** distress, debt, one, brethren, captain

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 22:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:638
# text = And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became captain over them; and there were with him about four hundred men.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	distress	distress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	debt	debt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	acl:relcl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	det	_	_
19	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	discontented	discontent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl:relcl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
24	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
25	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	24	obj	_	_
26	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	_
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
32	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	xcomp	_	_
33	over	over	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obl	_	_
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	38	expl	_	_
38	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
39	with	with	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	obl	_	_
41	about	about	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
42	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	43	nummod	_	_
43	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	44	nummod	_	_
44	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nsubj	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | every one and every one and every one |  |  | distress |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | every one |  |  | debt |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **discontent** | past · passive |  | every one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **gather** | past | every one and every one and every one | brethren |  |  |  | unto David | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme |
| 5 | **become** | past | David | captain |  |  |  | over brethren | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֣וּ אֵ֠לָיו כָּל־אִ֨ישׁ מָצ֜וֹק וְכָל־אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ל֤וֹ נֹשֶׁא֙ וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ מַר־נֶ֔פֶשׁ וַיְהִ֥י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְשָׂ֑ר וַיִּהְי֣וּ עִמּ֔וֹ כְּאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אִֽישׁ׃

[1 Samuel 22:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:638` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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