---
title: 1 Samuel 22:5 (JPS 1917) — And the prophet Gad said unto David: 'Abide not in the stronghold; d… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the prophet Gad said unto David: 'Abide not in the stronghold; depart, and get thee into the land of Judah.' Then David departed, and came into the forest of Hereth. Who acts: prophet, David. 1 Samuel 22:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 22:5 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the prophet Gad said unto David: 'Abide not in the stronghold; depart, and get thee into the land of Judah.' Then David departed, and came into the forest of Hereth.

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**Who acts:** prophet, David · **What happens:** say, not abide, depart, get, come · **To what, where:** stronghold, thee, land, forest · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 22:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prophet, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:641
# text = And the prophet Gad said unto David: 'Abide not in the stronghold; depart, and get thee into the land of Judah.' Then David departed, and came into the forest of Hereth.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	prophet	prophet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	Gad	Gad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Abide	abide	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	stronghold	stronghold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
16	depart	depart	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
20	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	obj	_	_
21	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
27	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
28	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	30	advmod	_	_
29	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
30	departed	depart	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	conj	_	_
34	into	into	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	Hereth	Hereth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: other
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=other, act=narrate, indirect=0, polarity=none, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the prophet |  |  |  |  | unto David | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **abide** | infinitive |  |  |  | the stronghold |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **depart** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **get** | infinitive |  | thee |  | the land of Judah |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thou=Stimulus |
| 5 | **depart** | past | David |  |  |  | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **come** | past | David *not said here* |  |  | the forest of Hereth |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into forest=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ גָּ֨ד הַנָּבִ֜יא אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד לֹ֤א תֵשֵׁב֙ בַּמְּצוּדָ֔ה לֵ֥ךְ וּבָֽאתָ־לְּךָ֖ אֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֔ד וַיָּבֹ֖א יַ֥עַר חָֽרֶת׃ס

[1 Samuel 22:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:641` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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