---
title: 1 Samuel 22:6 (JPS 1917) — And Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were with… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were with him; now Saul was sitting in Gibeah, under the tamarisk-tree in Ramah, with his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him. Who acts: Saul, men, servants. 1 Samuel 22:6 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and 
---

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# 1 Samuel 22:6 · JPS 1917

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And Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were with him; now Saul was sitting in Gibeah, under the tamarisk-tree in Ramah, with his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him.

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**Who acts:** Saul, men, servants · **What happens:** hear, discover, be, sit, stand · **To what, where:** David, Gibeah · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 22:6 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, men, servants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:642
# text = And Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were with him; now Saul was sitting in Gibeah, under the tamarisk-tree in Ramah, with his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	discovered	discover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	acl:relcl	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
18	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Gibeah	Gibeah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	under	under	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
26	tamarisk	tamarisk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	_
28	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Ramah	Ramah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
40	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	42	det:predet	_	_
41	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	nsubj	_	_
43	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	44	aux	_	_
44	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	conj	_	_
45	about	about	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	obl	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Saul |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **discover** | past · passive |  | David and the men |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 3 | **is** | past | the men |  |  |  |  | with Saul | tree rules |
| 4 | **sit** | past · progressive | Saul |  |  | Gibeah | now | under the tamarisk tree in Ramah; with David's spear in David's hand | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in gibeah=Location |
| 5 | **stand** | past · progressive | David's servants |  |  |  |  | about David | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent about he=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל כִּ֚י נוֹדַ֣ע דָּוִ֔ד וַאֲנָשִׁ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֑וֹ וְשָׁאוּל֩ יוֹשֵׁ֨ב בַּגִּבְעָ֜ה תַּֽחַת־הָאֶ֤שֶׁל בָּֽרָמָה֙ וַחֲנִית֣וֹ בְיָד֔וֹ וְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו נִצָּבִ֥ים עָלָֽיו׃

[1 Samuel 22:6: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.6/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:642` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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