---
title: 1 Samuel 22:17 (JPS 1917) — And the king said unto the guard that stood about him: 'Turn, and sl… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the king said unto the guard that stood about him: 'Turn, and slay the priests of the LORD; because their hand also is with David, and because they knew that he fled, and did not disclose it to me.' But the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall upon the priests of the LORD.
---

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# 1 Samuel 22:17 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the king said unto the guard that stood about him: 'Turn, and slay the priests of the LORD; because their hand also is with David, and because they knew that he fled, and did not disclose it to me.' But the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall upon the priests of the LORD.

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**Who acts:** king, guard, hand, servants · **What happens:** say, stand, turn, slay, be, know · **To what, where:** priests, hand, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 22:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, guard, hand, servants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:653
# text = And the king said unto the guard that stood about him: 'Turn, and slay the priests of the LORD; because their hand also is with David, and because they knew that he fled, and did not disclose it to me.' But the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall upon the priests of the LORD.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	guard	guard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	_
14	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	slay	slay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
24	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
27	also	also	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	advcl	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
33	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
34	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	conj	_	_
36	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
37	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
38	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	ccomp	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
41	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	aux	_	_
42	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	43	advmod	_	_
43	disclose	disclose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	conj	_	_
44	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	obj	_	_
45	to	to	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	43	obl	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
48	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
49	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	57	cc	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	57	nsubj	_	_
52	of	of	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	nmod	_	_
55	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	57	aux	_	_
56	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	57	advmod	_	_
57	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
58	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	57	advmod	_	_
59	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	60	nmod:poss	_	_
60	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	obj	_	_
61	to	to	PART	TO	_	62	mark	_	_
62	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	57	advcl	_	_
63	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
64	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	65	det	_	_
65	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	62	obl	_	_
66	of	of	ADP	IN	_	68	case	_	_
67	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	68	det	_	_
68	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	65	nmod	_	_
69	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the king |  |  |  |  | unto the guard | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **stand** | past | the guard |  |  |  |  | about king | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent about he=Location |
| 3 | **turn** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **slay** | infinitive |  | the priests of the LORD |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent priest=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | present | servants's hand |  |  |  |  | with David | tree rules |
| 6 | **know** | past | servants *= servant* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 7 | **flee** | past | king |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **not** **disclose** | past · do-support | king *not said here* | hand | me |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Topic to i=Recipient |
| 9 | **not** **put** | would | the servants of the king | servants's hand |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent hand=Goal |
| 10 | **fall** | to-infinitive | the servants of the king *not said here* |  |  | the priests of the LORD |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon priest=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ לָרָצִים֩ הַנִּצָּבִ֨ים עָלָ֜יו סֹ֥בּוּ וְהָמִ֣יתוּ ׀ כֹּהֲנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה כִּ֤י גַם־יָדָם֙ עִם־דָּוִ֔ד וְכִ֤י יָֽדְעוּ֙ כִּֽי־בֹרֵ֣חַ ה֔וּא וְלֹ֥א גָל֖וּ אֶת־אָזְנִ֑י וְלֹֽא־אָב֞וּ עַבְדֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לִשְׁלֹ֣חַ אֶת־יָדָ֔ם לִפְגֹ֖עַ בְּכֹהֲנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ס

[1 Samuel 22:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:653` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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