--- title: 1 Samuel 23:2 (JPS 1917) — Therefore David inquired of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I go and smite… · tree and pragmatics description: Therefore David inquired of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I go and smite these Philistines?' And the LORD said unto David: 'Go, and smite the Philistines, and save Keilah.' Who acts: David, I, LORD. 1 Samuel 23:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.661/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/) / [23:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.2/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 23:2 · JPS 1917 Therefore David inquired of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I go and smite these Philistines?' And the LORD said unto David: 'Go, and smite the Philistines, and save Keilah.' **Who acts:** David, I, LORD · **What happens:** inquire, say, go, smite, save · **To what, where:** Philistines, Keilah · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Samuel 23:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, I, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:661 # text = Therefore David inquired of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I go and smite these Philistines?' And the LORD said unto David: 'Go, and smite the Philistines, and save Keilah.' 1 Therefore therefore ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 2 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 inquired inquire VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 8 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 10 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ _ 11 Shall shall AUX MD Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 12 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 ccomp _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 smite smite VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 conj _ _ 16 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 17 det _ _ 17 Philistines Philistines PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 18 ? ? PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ 19 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 13 punct _ _ 20 And and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 24 unto unto ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 26 : : PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 27 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 28 punct _ _ 28 Go go VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 23 ccomp _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 smite smite VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 Philistines Philistines PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 save save VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ _ 37 Keilah Keilah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 39 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=request, indirect=0, polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **inquire** *speech: other* | past | David | | | | | of the LORD; therefore *property* | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent of lord=Recipient | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | David *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **go** | shall | I | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **smite** | infinitive | I *not said here* | this Philistines | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus philistines=Experiencer | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD | | | | | unto David | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **go** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **smite** | infinitive | | the Philistines | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus philistines=Experiencer | | 8 | **save** | infinitive | | Keilah | | | | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent keilah=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל דָּוִ֤ד בַּֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַאֵלֵ֣ךְ וְהִכֵּ֔יתִי בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּהס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד לֵ֚ךְ וְהִכִּ֣יתָ בַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְהוֹשַׁעְתָּ֖ אֶת־קְעִילָֽה׃ [1 Samuel 23:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.2/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:661` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 23:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.660/) - next →: [1 Samuel 23:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.662/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 23:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.2/)