---
title: 1 Samuel 23:8 (JPS 1917) — And Saul summoned all the people to war, to go down to Keilah, to be… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Saul summoned all the people to war, to go down to Keilah, to besiege David and his men. Who acts: Saul. 1 Samuel 23:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 23:8 · JPS 1917

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And Saul summoned all the people to war, to go down to Keilah, to besiege David and his men.

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**Who acts:** Saul · **What happens:** summon, go down, besiege · **To what, where:** people, Keilah, David

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This is 1 Samuel 23:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:670
# text = And Saul summoned all the people to war, to go down to Keilah, to besiege David and his men.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	summoned	summon	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
12	down	down	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Keilah	Keilah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	besiege	besiege	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
18	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **summon** | past | Saul |  | all people |  |  | to war | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Recipient |
| 2 | **go down** | to-infinitive | Saul *not said here* |  | Keilah |  |  | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **besiege** | to-infinitive | Saul *not said here* | David and Saul's men |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיְשַׁמַּ֥ע שָׁא֛וּל אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה לָרֶ֣דֶת קְעִילָ֔ה לָצ֥וּר אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד וְאֶל־אֲנָשָֽׁיו׃

[1 Samuel 23:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:670` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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