---
title: 1 Samuel 23:9 (JPS 1917) — And David knew that Saul devised mischief against him; and he said t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David knew that Saul devised mischief against him; and he said to Abiathar the priest: 'Bring hither the ephod.' Who acts: David, Saul. 1 Samuel 23:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 23:9 · JPS 1917

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And David knew that Saul devised mischief against him; and he said to Abiathar the priest: 'Bring hither the ephod.'

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**Who acts:** David, Saul · **What happens:** know, devise, say, bring · **To what, where:** mischief, Abiathar, ephod · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 23:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:671
# text = And David knew that Saul devised mischief against him; and he said to Abiathar the priest: 'Bring hither the ephod.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	devised	devise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	mischief	mischief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Abiathar	Abiathar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	priest	priest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	ccomp	_	_
21	hither	hither	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	ephod	ephod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
25	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | David |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **devise** | past | Saul | mischief |  |  |  | against David | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mischief=Patient |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Saul |  | Abiathar |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to abiathar=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 4 | **bring** | infinitive |  | the ephod |  |  |  | hither *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent ephod=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֵּ֣דַע דָּוִ֔ד כִּ֣י עָלָ֔יו שָׁא֖וּל מַחֲרִ֣ישׁ הָרָעָ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אֶבְיָתָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן הַגִּ֖ישָׁה הָאֵפֽוֹד׃ס

[1 Samuel 23:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:671` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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