---
title: 1 Samuel 23:12 (JPS 1917) — Then said David: 'Will the men of Keilah deliver up me and my men in… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then said David: 'Will the men of Keilah deliver up me and my men into the hand of Saul?' And the LORD said: 'They will deliver thee up.' Who acts: David, men, LORD. 1 Samuel 23:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 23:12 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then said David: 'Will the men of Keilah deliver up me and my men into the hand of Saul?' And the LORD said: 'They will deliver thee up.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** David, men, LORD · **What happens:** say, deliver up · **To what, where:** me, hand, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 23:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, men, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:674
# text = Then said David: 'Will the men of Keilah deliver up me and my men into the hand of Saul?' And the LORD said: 'They will deliver thee up.'
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
6	Will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Keilah	Keilah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	deliver	deliver	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
23	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
24	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
28	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
29	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	_
30	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	deliver	deliver	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	ccomp	_	_
33	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	32	obj	_	_
34	up	up	ADP	RP	_	32	compound:prt	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	32	punct	_	_
36	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	32	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=ask, indirect=0

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David |  |  |  | then |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **deliver up** | future | the men of Keilah | me |  | the hand of Saul |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **deliver up** | future | men *= man* | thee |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד הֲיַסְגִּ֜רוּ בַּעֲלֵ֧י קְעִילָ֛ה אֹתִ֥י וְאֶת־אֲנָשַׁ֖י בְּיַד־שָׁא֑וּל וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה יַסְגִּֽירוּ׃ס

[1 Samuel 23:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:674` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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