---
title: 1 Samuel 23:13 (JPS 1917) — And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forb… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forbore to go forth. Who acts: David. 1 Samuel 23:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 23:13 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forbore to go forth.

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**Who acts:** David · **What happens:** tell, escape, forbear, go · **To what, where:** six hundred, Saul, David, Keilah · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 23:13 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:676
# text = And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forbore to go forth.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	escaped	escape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Keilah	Keilah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	forbore	forbear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | six hundred *= hundred* | Saul |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **escape** | past · passive |  | David |  | Keilah |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **forbear** | past | David |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **go** | to-infinitive | David *not said here* |  |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּקָם֩ דָּוִ֨ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו כְּשֵׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֗ישׁ וַיֵּצְאוּ֙ מִקְּעִלָ֔ה וַיִּֽתְהַלְּכ֖וּ בַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ וּלְשָׁא֣וּל הֻגַּ֗ד כִּֽי־נִמְלַ֤ט דָּוִד֙ מִקְּעִילָ֔ה וַיֶּחְדַּ֖ל לָצֵֽאת׃

[1 Samuel 23:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.13/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. [Then David and his men, who were about six hundred, arose and departed out of Keilah, and went whithersoever they could go.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.675/)
2. **And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forbore to go forth.**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:676` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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