---
title: 1 Samuel 23:15 (JPS 1917) — And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life; and David was… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life; and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in the wood. Who acts: David, Saul. 1 Samuel 23:15 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.679/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/) / [23:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.15/) / JPS 1

# 1 Samuel 23:15 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life; and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in the wood.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** David, Saul · **What happens:** see, come out, seek, be · **To what, where:** life, wilderness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 23:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:679
# text = And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life; and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in the wood.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
8	out	out	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	seek	seek	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
15	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Ziph	Ziph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | David |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **come out** | past · passive | Saul |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **seek** | to-infinitive | Saul *not said here* | David's life |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | David |  |  | the wilderness |  | of Ziph; in the wood | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּ֣רְא דָוִ֔דכִּֽי־יָצָ֥א שָׁא֖וּל לְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וְדָוִ֥ד בְּמִדְבַּר־זִ֖יף בַּחֹֽרְשָׁה׃ס

[1 Samuel 23:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.15/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:679` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [1 Samuel 23:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.678/)
- next →: [1 Samuel 23:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.680/)
- ↑ back to [1 Samuel 23:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.15/)