---
title: 1 Samuel 23:16 (JPS 1917) — And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, and… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God. Who acts: son. 1 Samuel 23:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 23:16 · JPS 1917

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And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God.

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**Who acts:** son · **What happens:** arise, go, strengthen · **To what, where:** David, wood, hand

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This is 1 Samuel 23:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:680
# text = And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	_
3	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
5	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	strengthened	strengthen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | past | Jonathan's son |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | past | Jonathan's son *not said here* |  | David | the wood |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to david=Initial\_Location into wood=Destination |
| 3 | **strengthen** | past | Jonathan's son *not said here* | David's hand |  |  |  | in God | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיָּ֙קָם֙ יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בֶּן־שָׁא֔וּל וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד חֹ֑רְשָׁה וַיְחַזֵּ֥ק אֶת־יָד֖וֹ בֵּאלֹהִֽים׃

[1 Samuel 23:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:680` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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