---
title: 1 Samuel 23:17 (JPS 1917) — And he said unto him: 'Fear not; for the hand of Saul my father shal… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he said unto him: 'Fear not; for the hand of Saul my father shall not find thee; and thou shalt be king over Israel, and I shall be next unto thee; and that also Saul my father knoweth.' Who acts: David, hand, thou, I. 1 Samuel 23:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# 1 Samuel 23:17 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he said unto him: 'Fear not; for the hand of Saul my father shall not find thee; and thou shalt be king over Israel, and I shall be next unto thee; and that also Saul my father knoweth.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** David, hand, thou, I, Saul · **What happens:** say, not fear, not find, be, know · **To what, where:** thee, king, Israel · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 23:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, hand, thou, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:681
# text = And he said unto him: 'Fear not; for the hand of Saul my father shall not find thee; and thou shalt be king over Israel, and I shall be next unto thee; and that also Saul my father knoweth.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Fear	fear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
11	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	parataxis	_	_
21	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	obj	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
24	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	nsubj	_	_
25	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	cop	_	_
27	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
28	over	over	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
32	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
33	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
34	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	cop	_	_
35	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	conj	_	_
36	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	35	obl	_	_
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	45	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
40	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	45	mark	_	_
41	also	also	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
42	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	nsubj	_	_
43	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
44	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	appos	_	_
45	knoweth	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
47	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: warn
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- indirect: yes
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David |  |  |  |  | unto God | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **fear** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **not** **find** | shall | the hand of Saul | thee |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Topic |
| 4 | **is a** | shall | thou | king |  | Israel |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | shall | I |  |  |  |  | unto thee; next *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **know** | present | Saul |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו אַל־תִּירָ֗א כִּ֠י לֹ֤א תִֽמְצָאֲךָ֙ יַ֚ד שָׁא֣וּל אָבִ֔י וְאַתָּה֙ תִּמְלֹ֣ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָנֹכִ֖י אֶֽהְיֶה־לְּךָ֣ לְמִשְׁנֶ֑ה וְגַם־שָׁא֥וּל אָבִ֖י יֹדֵ֥עַ כֵּֽן׃

[1 Samuel 23:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:681` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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