---
title: 1 Samuel 23:19 (JPS 1917) — Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying: 'Doth not David… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying: 'Doth not David hide himself with us in the strongholds in the wood, in the hill of Hachilah, which is on the south of Jeshimon? Who acts: Ziphites, David, hill. 1 Samuel 23:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# 1 Samuel 23:19 · JPS 1917

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Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying: 'Doth not David hide himself with us in the strongholds in the wood, in the hill of Hachilah, which is on the south of Jeshimon?

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**Who acts:** Ziphites, David, hill · **What happens:** come up, say, not hide, be · **To what, where:** Gibeah, Saul, David, strongholds, south · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 23:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ziphites, David, hill), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:683
# text = Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying: 'Doth not David hide himself with us in the strongholds in the wood, in the hill of Hachilah, which is on the south of Jeshimon?
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Ziphites	Ziphite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Gibeah	Gibeah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
14	Doth	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
16	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
18	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	17	obj	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	strongholds	stronghold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Hachilah	Hachilah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
34	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	38	nsubj	_	_
35	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	cop	_	_
36	on	on	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	acl:relcl	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	Jeshimon	Jeshimon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
41	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=ask, indirect=0

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come up** | past | the Ziphites |  | Gibeah | Saul | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to saul=Initial\_Location to gibeah=Destination |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the Ziphites *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **hide** | infinitive · do-support | David | David |  | the strongholds in the wood |  | with us; in the hill of Hachilah | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent himself=Patient in stronghold=Location |
| 4 | **is** | present | the hill of Hachilah |  |  | the south |  | of Jeshimon | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּעֲל֤וּ זִפִים֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל הַגִּבְעָ֖תָה לֵאמֹ֑ר הֲל֣וֹא דָ֠וִד מִסְתַּתֵּ֨ר עִמָּ֤נוּ בַמְּצָדוֹת֙ בַּחֹ֔רְשָׁה בְּגִבְעַת֙ הַֽחֲכִילָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִימִ֥ין הַיְשִׁימֽוֹן׃

[1 Samuel 23:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:683` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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