---
title: 1 Samuel 23:25 (JPS 1917) — And they told David; wherefore he came down to the rock, and abode i… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they told David; wherefore he came down to the rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon. Who acts: men, David. 1 Samuel 23:25 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 23:25 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 3

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And they told David; wherefore he came down to the rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon.

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**Who acts:** men, David · **What happens:** tell, come down, abode · **To what, where:** David, rock, wilderness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 23:25 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 3 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:690
# text = And they told David; wherefore he came down to the rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	wherefore	wherefore	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	down	down	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	abode	abode	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Maon	Maon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | men *= man* |  | David |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent david=Recipient |
| 2 | **come down** | past | David |  |  | the rock |  | down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to rock=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **abode** | past | David *not said here* |  |  | the wilderness of Maon |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ שָׁא֣וּל וַאֲנָשָׁיו֮ לְבַקֵּשׁ֒ וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ לְדָוִ֔ד וַיֵּ֣רֶד הַסֶּ֔לַע וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּמִדְבַּ֣ר מָע֑וֹן וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּרְדֹּ֥ף אַחֲרֵֽי־דָוִ֖ד מִדְבַּ֥ר מָעֽוֹן׃

[1 Samuel 23:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.25/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. [And Saul and his men went to seek him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.689/)
2. **And they told David; wherefore he came down to the rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon.**
3. [And when Saul heard that, he pursued after David in the wilderness of Maon.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.691/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:690` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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