---
title: 1 Samuel 24:2 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when Saul was returned from following the Phili… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, when Saul was returned from following the Philistines, that it was told him, saying: 'Behold, David is in the wilderness of En-gedi.' Who acts: it, David. 1 Samuel 24:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 24:2 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it came to pass, when Saul was returned from following the Philistines, that it was told him, saying: 'Behold, David is in the wilderness of En-gedi.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, David · **What happens:** come, pass, return, follow, tell, say · **To what, where:** Saul, Philistines, it, wilderness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 24:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:696
# text = And it came to pass, when Saul was returned from following the Philistines, that it was told him, saying: 'Behold, David is in the wilderness of En-gedi.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
8	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	returned	return	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Philistines	Philistines	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	iobj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	advcl	_	_
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
24	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	31	punct	_	_
25	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	31	discourse	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
27	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	ccomp	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	En	En	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
34	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	35	punct	_	_
35	gedi	gedi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
37	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **return** | past · passive |  | Saul |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **follow** | gerund |  | the Philistines |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent philistines=Theme |
| 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | it | Saul |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient he=Topic |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **is** | present | David |  |  | the wilderness |  | of En gedi | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֗י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ שָׁ֣ב שָׁא֔וּל מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּגִּ֤דוּ לוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד בְּמִדְבַּ֖ר עֵ֥ינ גֶּֽדִי עֵ֥ינ גֶּֽדִי׃ס

[1 Samuel 24:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:696` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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