---
title: 1 Samuel 24:4 (JPS 1917) — And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul went in to cover his feet. Who acts: Saul. 1 Samuel 24:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 24:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul went in to cover his feet.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Saul · **What happens:** come, be, go in, cover · **To what, where:** sheepcotes, cave, feet

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 24:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:698
# text = And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul went in to cover his feet.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sheepcotes	sheepcote	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	acl:relcl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
19	in	in	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	cover	cover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	advcl	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Saul |  |  | the sheepcotes |  | by the way | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to sheepcote=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | a cave |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go in** | past | Saul |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **cover** | to-infinitive | Saul *not said here* | Saul's feet |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme foot=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַ֠יָּבֹא אֶל־גִּדְר֨וֹת הַצֹּ֤אן עַל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ וְשָׁ֣ם מְעָרָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֥א שָׁא֖וּל לְהָסֵ֣ךְ אֶת־רַגְלָ֑יו וְדָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י הַמְּעָרָ֖ה יֹשְׁבִֽים׃

[1 Samuel 24:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.4/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul went in to cover his feet.**
2. [Now David and his men were sitting in the innermost parts of the cave.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.699/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:698` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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