---
title: 1 Samuel 24:9 (JPS 1917) — David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried afte… · tree and pragmatics
description: David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried after Saul, saying: 'My lord the king.' And when Saul looked behind him, David bowed with his face to the earth, and prostrated himself. Who acts: David, Saul. 1 Samuel 24:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# 1 Samuel 24:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried after Saul, saying: 'My lord the king.' And when Saul looked behind him, David bowed with his face to the earth, and prostrated himself.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** David, Saul · **What happens:** arise, go out, cry, say, look, bow · **To what, where:** cave, Saul · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 24:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:705
# text = David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried after Saul, saying: 'My lord the king.' And when Saul looked behind him, David bowed with his face to the earth, and prostrated himself.
1	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	afterward	afterward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	after	after	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	_
21	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	ccomp	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
26	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
27	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
28	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	30	mark	_	_
29	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
30	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	advcl	_	_
31	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obl	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
34	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
35	bowed	bow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
36	with	with	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
39	to	to	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
44	prostrated	prostrate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	conj	_	_
45	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	44	obj	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | past | David |  |  |  |  | afterward *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go out** | past | David *not said here* | the cave |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | David *not said here* |  |  |  | after Saul |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | David *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **look** | past | Saul |  |  |  |  | behind David | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent behind he=Theme |
| 6 | **bow** | past | David |  |  |  |  | with Saul's face; to the earth | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to earth=Theme |
| 7 | **prostrate** | past | David *not said here* | Saul |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן וַיֵּצֵא֙ מֵֽהַמְּעָרָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֧א אַֽחֲרֵי־שָׁא֛וּל לֵאמֹ֖ר אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיַּבֵּ֤ט שָׁאוּל֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וַיִּקֹּ֨ד דָּוִ֥ד אַפַּ֛יִם אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ס

[1 Samuel 24:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:705` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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