---
title: 1 Samuel 24:10 (JPS 1917) — And David said to Saul: 'Wherefore hearkenest thou to men's words, s… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David said to Saul: 'Wherefore hearkenest thou to men's words, saying: Behold, David seeketh thy hurt? Who acts: David, thou, men, thy. 1 Samuel 24:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 24:10 · JPS 1917

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And David said to Saul: 'Wherefore hearkenest thou to men's words, saying: Behold, David seeketh thy hurt?

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**Who acts:** David, thou, men, thy · **What happens:** say, hearken, seek, word, hurt · **To what, where:** Saul, hurt · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 24:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, thou, men, thy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:706
# text = And David said to Saul: 'Wherefore hearkenest thou to men's words, saying: Behold, David seeketh thy hurt?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
8	Wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
9	hearkenest	hearken	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
10	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nsubj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	21	discourse	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	seeketh	seek	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
22	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	hurt	hurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=ask

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David |  | Saul |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to saul=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hearken** | present | thou |  |  |  |  | to men's words; wherefore *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **seek** | present | David | thy hurt |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hurt=Theme |
| 5 | **word** |  | men |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 6 | **hurt** |  | thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom hurt «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ לְשָׁא֔וּל לָ֧מָּה תִשְׁמַ֛ע אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י אָדָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ רָעָתֶֽךָ׃

[1 Samuel 24:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:706` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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