---
title: 1 Samuel 24:12 (JPS 1917) — Moreover, my father, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand;… · tree and pragmatics
description: Moreover, my father, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand; for in that I cut off the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not, know thou and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in my hand, and I have not sinned against thee, though thou layest wait for my soul to take it. Who ac
---

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# 1 Samuel 24:12 · JPS 1917

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Moreover, my father, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand; for in that I cut off the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not, know thou and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in my hand, and I have not sinned against thee, though thou layest wait for my soul to take it.

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**Who acts:** you, I, thou, evil · **What happens:** see, cut off, not kill, know, be, not sin · **To what, where:** skirt, hand, thee, wait · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 24:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, I, thou, evil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:708
# text = Moreover, my father, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand; for in that I cut off the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not, know thou and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in my hand, and I have not sinned against thee, though thou layest wait for my soul to take it.
1	Moreover	moreover	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	vocative	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	skirt	skirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	robe	robe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
20	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
21	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	fixed	_	_
23	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	cut	cut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	advcl	_	_
25	off	off	ADP	RP	_	24	compound:prt	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	skirt	skirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	robe	robe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
34	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	33	obj	_	_
35	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	33	advmod	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
37	know	know	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
38	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	37	nsubj	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	see	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	37	conj	_	_
41	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
42	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	43	expl	_	_
43	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	ccomp	_	_
44	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	45	cc:preconj	_	_
45	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
46	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	47	cc	_	_
47	transgression	transgression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	conj	_	_
48	in	in	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	50	nmod:poss	_	_
50	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	_
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	56	cc	_	_
53	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	56	nsubj	_	_
54	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	56	aux	_	_
55	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	56	advmod	_	_
56	sinned	sin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	43	conj	_	_
57	against	against	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
58	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	56	obl	_	_
59	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	62	punct	_	_
60	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	62	mark	_	_
61	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	62	nsubj	_	_
62	layest	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	56	advcl	_	_
63	wait	wait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	obj	_	_
64	for	for	ADP	IN	_	66	case	_	_
65	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	66	nmod:poss	_	_
66	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	obl	_	_
67	to	to	PART	TO	_	68	mark	_	_
68	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	62	advcl	_	_
69	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	68	obj	_	_
70	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=imp, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | my father *vocative*; moreover *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **see** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the skirt of thy robe |  | my hand |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer skirt=Stimulus |
| 3 | **cut off** | past | I | the skirt of thy robe |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector skirt=Eventuality |
| 4 | **not** **kill** | past | I *not said here* | thee |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Theme |
| 5 | **know** | infinitive | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **see** | infinitive | thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 7 | **does** | present | evil in my hand nor transgression |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **not** **sin** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  | against thee | vn rebel-71.2-1-1 «NP V PP.maleficiary»: agent=Agent against thou=Maleficiary |
| 9 | **lay** | present | thou | wait |  |  |  | for my soul | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent wait=Result for soul=Beneficiary |
| 10 | **take** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* | wait |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאָבִ֣י רְאֵ֔ה גַּ֗ם רְאֵ֛ה אֶת־כְּנַ֥ף מְעִילְךָ֖ בְּיָדִ֑י כִּ֡י בְּכָרְתִי֩ אֶת־כְּנַ֨ף מְעִֽילְךָ֜ וְלֹ֣א הֲרַגְתִּ֗יךָ דַּ֤ע וּרְאֵה֙ כִּי֩ אֵ֨ין בְּיָדִ֜י רָעָ֤ה וָפֶ֙שַׁע֙ וְלֹא־חָטָ֣אתִי לָ֔ךְ וְאַתָּ֛ה צֹדֶ֥ה אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י לְקַחְתָּֽהּ׃

[1 Samuel 24:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:708` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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