---
title: 1 Samuel 24:14 (JPS 1917) — As saith the proverb of the ancients: Out of the wicked cometh forth… · tree and pragmatics
description: As saith the proverb of the ancients: Out of the wicked cometh forth wickedness; but my hand shall not be upon thee. Who acts: proverb, hand. 1 Samuel 24:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 24:14 · JPS 1917

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As saith the proverb of the ancients: Out of the wicked cometh forth wickedness; but my hand shall not be upon thee.

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**Who acts:** proverb, hand · **What happens:** say, come, not be · **To what, where:** wickedness, wicked · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 24:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (proverb, hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:710
# text = As saith the proverb of the ancients: Out of the wicked cometh forth wickedness; but my hand shall not be upon thee.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	proverb	proverb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ancients	ancient	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	Out	out	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	wicked	wicked	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
13	cometh	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	wickedness	wickedness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
18	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
20	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	cop	_	_
23	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	conj	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the proverb of the ancients |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come** | present |  | wickedness |  | the wicked |  | forth *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wickedness=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **is** | shall | my hand |  |  |  |  | upon thee | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יֹאמַ֗ר מְשַׁל֙ הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י מֵרְשָׁעִ֖ים יֵ֣צֵא רֶ֑שַׁע וְיָדִ֖י לֹ֥א תִֽהְיֶה־בָּֽךְ׃

[1 Samuel 24:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:710` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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