---
title: 1 Samuel 24:17 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when David had made an end of speaking these wo… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, when David had made an end of speaking these words unto Saul, that Saul said: 'Is this thy voice, my son David?' And Saul lifted up his voice, and wept. Who acts: hand, David, end, Saul. 1 Samuel 24:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 24:17 · JPS 1917

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And it came to pass, when David had made an end of speaking these words unto Saul, that Saul said: 'Is this thy voice, my son David?' And Saul lifted up his voice, and wept.

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**Who acts:** hand, David, end, Saul, this · **What happens:** come, make, speak, say, be, lift up · **To what, where:** end, words, voice · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 24:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hand, David, end, Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:713
# text = And it came to pass, when David had made an end of speaking these words unto Saul, that Saul said: 'Is this thy voice, my son David?' And Saul lifted up his voice, and wept.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	pass	pass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
8	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
15	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
21	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
24	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	_
25	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	28	nsubj	_	_
27	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	ccomp	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	appos	_	_
32	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	flat	_	_
33	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	_
34	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	_
35	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
37	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
38	up	up	ADP	RP	_	37	compound:prt	_	_
39	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	_
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
43	wept	weep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	conj	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | hand |  |  |  |  | to pass | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past · perfect | David | a end |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent end=Product |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | a end *not said here* | this words |  |  |  | unto Saul | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Saul |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | present | this | thy voice |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **lift up** | past | Saul | Saul's voice |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Theme |
| 7 | **weep** | past | Saul *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּכַלּ֣וֹת דָּוִ֗ד לְדַבֵּ֞ר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל הֲקֹלְךָ֥ זֶ֖ה בְּנִ֣י דָוִ֑ד וַיִּשָּׂ֥א שָׁא֛וּל קֹל֖וֹ וַיֵּֽבְךְּ׃

[1 Samuel 24:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:713` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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