--- title: 1 Samuel 25:14 (JPS 1917) — But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying: 'Behold… · tree and pragmatics description: But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying: 'Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our master; and he flew upon them. Who acts: one, David. 1 Samuel 25:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.735/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / [25:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.14/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 25:14 · JPS 1917 But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying: 'Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our master; and he flew upon them. **Who acts:** one, David · **What happens:** tell, say, send, salute, fly · **To what, where:** Abigail, messengers, wilderness, master · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Samuel 25:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:735 # text = But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying: 'Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our master; and he flew upon them. 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 2 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 7 nsubj _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _ 7 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 Abigail Abigail PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 iobj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 Nabal Nabal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nmod:poss _ _ 11 's 's PART POS _ 10 case _ _ 12 wife wife NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 appos _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 advcl _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 16 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ _ 17 Behold behold INTJ UH _ 20 discourse _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 19 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 20 sent send VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 ccomp _ _ 21 messengers messenger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 22 out out ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 wilderness wilderness NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 26 to to PART TO _ 27 mark _ _ 27 salute salute VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 advcl _ _ 28 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 master master NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 33 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 32 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 flew fly VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 34 upon upon ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | one of the young men | | Abigail | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent abigail=Recipient | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | one of the young men *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **send** | past | David | messengers | | the wilderness | | | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme out wilderness=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **salute** | to-infinitive | David *not said here* | our master | | | | | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent master=Topic | | 5 | **fly** | past | David | | | | | upon bread | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent upon they=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְלַאֲבִיגַ֙יִל֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת נָבָ֔ל הִגִּ֧יד נַֽעַר־אֶחָ֛ד מֵהַנְּעָרִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה שָׁלַח֩ דָּוִ֨ד מַלְאָכִ֧ים ׀ מֵֽהַמִּדְבָּ֛ר לְבָרֵ֥ךְ אֶת־אֲדֹנֵ֖ינוּ וַיָּ֥עַט בָּהֶֽם׃ [1 Samuel 25:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.14/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:735` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 25:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.734/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.736/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.14/)