---
title: 1 Samuel 25:19 (JPS 1917) — And she said unto her young men: 'Go on before me; behold, I come af… · tree and pragmatics
description: And she said unto her young men: 'Go on before me; behold, I come after you.' But she told not her husband Nabal. Who acts: Abigail, I. 1 Samuel 25:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 25:19 · JPS 1917

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And she said unto her young men: 'Go on before me; behold, I come after you.' But she told not her husband Nabal.

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**Who acts:** Abigail, I · **What happens:** say, go on, come, not tell · **To what, where:** husband · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 25:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abigail, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:740
# text = And she said unto her young men: 'Go on before me; behold, I come after you.' But she told not her husband Nabal.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
11	on	on	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	before	before	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
15	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	18	discourse	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
19	after	after	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
22	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
23	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
27	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
29	Nabal	Nabal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	appos	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate, form=decl, indirect=0, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Abigail |  |  |  |  | unto Abigail's young men | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go on** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | before me |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before i=Location |
| 3 | **come** | present | I |  |  |  | after you |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Abigail |  | Abigail's husband |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent husband=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לִנְעָרֶ֙יהָ֙ עִבְר֣וּ לְפָנַ֔י הִנְנִ֖י אַחֲרֵיכֶ֣ם בָּאָ֑ה וּלְאִישָׁ֥הּ נָבָ֖ל לֹ֥א הִגִּֽידָה׃

[1 Samuel 25:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:740` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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