--- title: 1 Samuel 25:20 (JPS 1917) — And it was so, as she rode on her ass, and came down by the covert o… · tree and pragmatics description: And it was so, as she rode on her ass, and came down by the covert of the mountain, that, behold, David and his men came down towards her; and she met them. — Who acts: evil, Abigail, David. 1 Samuel 25:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.741/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / [25:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.20/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 25:20 · JPS 1917 And it was so, as she rode on her ass, and came down by the covert of the mountain, that, behold, David and his men came down towards her; and she met them. — **Who acts:** evil, Abigail, David · **What happens:** be, ride, come down, meet · **To what, where:** ass, asses This is 1 Samuel 25:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (evil, Abigail, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:741 # text = And it was so, as she rode on her ass, and came down by the covert of the mountain, that, behold, David and his men came down towards her; and she met them. — 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 so so ADV RB _ 0 root _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 6 as as SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 7 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 rode ride VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 9 on on ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 ass ass NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 15 down down ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 16 by by ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 covert covert NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 mountain mountain NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 23 that that SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 behold behold INTJ UH _ 31 discourse _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 27 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ _ 30 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 conj _ _ 31 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 advcl _ _ 32 down down ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 33 towards towards ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ _ 35 ; ; PUNCT : _ 38 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 38 met meet VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 conj _ _ 39 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ 41 — - PUNCT : _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | evil | | | | | so *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **ride** | past | Abigail | | | Abigail's ass | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **come down** | past | Abigail *not said here* | | | | | by the covert of the mountain; down *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by covert=Location | | 4 | **come down** | past | David and David's men | | | | | towards Abigail; down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme towards she=Initial\_Location | | 5 | **meet** | past | Abigail | asses *= ass* | | | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְהָיָ֞ה הִ֣יא ׀ רֹכֶ֣בֶת עַֽל־הַחֲמ֗וֹר וְיֹרֶ֙דֶת֙ בְּסֵ֣תֶר הָהָ֔ר וְהִנֵּ֤ה דָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו יֹרְדִ֖ים לִקְרָאתָ֑הּ וַתִּפְגֹּ֖שׁ אֹתָֽם׃ [1 Samuel 25:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.20/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:741` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 25:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.740/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.742/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.20/)