---
title: 1 Samuel 25:21 (JPS 1917) — Now David had said: 'Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now David had said: 'Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him; and he hath returned me evil for good. Who acts: David, I, fellow. 1 Samuel 25:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# 1 Samuel 25:21 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now David had said: 'Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him; and he hath returned me evil for good.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** David, I, fellow · **What happens:** say, keep, have, miss, pertain, return · **To what, where:** all, vain, wilderness, nothing, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 25:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, I, fellow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:742
# text = Now David had said: 'Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him; and he hath returned me evil for good.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
6	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	_
7	Surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	obl	_	_
10	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
13	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	obj	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	obj	_	_
15	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	fellow	fellow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	26	mark	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	fixed	_	_
24	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	missed	miss	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	advcl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	26	obl	_	_
29	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
30	pertained	pertain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	acl:relcl	_	_
31	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obl	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
35	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
36	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	returned	return	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
38	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	37	iobj	_	_
39	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	xcomp	_	_
40	for	for	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	obl	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: evaluate
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · perfect | David |  |  |  | now |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **keep** | present · perfect | I | all |  | vain |  | surely *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent all=Theme in vain=Location |
| 3 | **have** | present | this fellow |  |  | the wilderness |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient |
| 4 | **miss** | past · passive |  | nothing |  |  |  | of all | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 5 | **pertain** | past |  |  |  |  |  | unto David | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **return** | present · perfect | David |  | me |  |  | for good; evil *property* | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְדָוִ֣ד אָמַ֗ר אַךְ֩ לַשֶּׁ֨קֶר שָׁמַ֜רְתִּי אֶֽת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר לָזֶה֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְלֹא־נִפְקַ֥ד מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ מְא֑וּמָה וַיָּֽשֶׁב־לִ֥י רָעָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת טוֹבָֽה׃

[1 Samuel 25:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.21/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:742` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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