---
title: 1 Samuel 25:22 (JPS 1917) — God do so unto the enemies of David, and more also, if I leave of al… · tree and pragmatics
description: God do so unto the enemies of David, and more also, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light so much as one male.' — Who acts: I. 1 Samuel 25:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 25:22 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
God do so unto the enemies of David, and more also, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light so much as one male.' —

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** leave, pertain · **To what, where:** David

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 25:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:743
# text = God do so unto the enemies of David, and more also, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light so much as one male.' —
1	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	12	advmod	_	_
12	also	also	ADV	RB	_	2	conj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	obl	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	pertain	pertain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
27	so	so	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	much	much	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
29	as	as	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	31	nummod	_	_
31	male	male	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
33	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
34	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present | I |  |  |  |  | of all | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme of all=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **pertain** | present |  |  | David |  |  | by the morning light | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to he=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כֹּה־יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים לְאֹיְבֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֑יף אִם־אַשְׁאִ֧יר מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ עַד־הַבֹּ֖קֶר מַשְׁתִּ֥ין בְּקִֽיר׃

[1 Samuel 25:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:743` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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