---
title: 1 Samuel 25:23 (JPS 1917) — And when Abigail saw David, she made haste, and alighted from her as… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when Abigail saw David, she made haste, and alighted from her ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed down to the ground. Who acts: Abigail. 1 Samuel 25:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 25:23 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when Abigail saw David, she made haste, and alighted from her ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed down to the ground.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Abigail · **What happens:** see, make, alight, fall, bow down · **To what, where:** David, haste, ass, face

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 25:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abigail), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:744
# text = And when Abigail saw David, she made haste, and alighted from her ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed down to the ground.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
3	Abigail	Abigail	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
5	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	haste	haste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	alighted	alight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	ass	ass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
19	before	before	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	bowed	bow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
27	down	down	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Abigail | David |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer david=Stimulus |
| 2 | **make** | past | Abigail | haste |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent haste=Product |
| 3 | **alight** | past | Abigail *not said here* |  |  | Abigail's ass |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **fall** | past | Abigail *not said here* |  |  | Abigail's face | before David |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before david=Location |
| 5 | **bow down** | past | Abigail *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the ground; down *property* | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to ground=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַתֵּ֤רֶא אֲבִיגַ֙יִל֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד וַתְּמַהֵ֕ר וַתֵּ֖רֶד מֵעַ֣ל הַחֲמ֑וֹר וַתִּפֹּ֞ל לְאַפֵּ֤י דָוִד֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָֽרֶץ׃

[1 Samuel 25:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:744` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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