---
title: 1 Samuel 25:40 (JPS 1917) — And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spoke unto her, saying: 'David hath sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife.' Who acts: servants, David. 1 Samuel 25:40 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 25:40 · JPS 1917

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And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spoke unto her, saying: 'David hath sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife.'

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**Who acts:** servants, David · **What happens:** come, speak, say, send, take · **To what, where:** servants, Abigail, us, thee, David · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 25:40 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (servants, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:762
# text = And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spoke unto her, saying: 'David hath sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Abigail	Abigail	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Carmel	Carmel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	_
22	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	ccomp	_	_
25	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	24	obl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	advcl	_	_
31	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	obj	_	_
32	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obl	_	_
34	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
37	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed act=request

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past · passive |  | the servants of David | Abigail |  |  | to Carmel | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | servants *= servant* |  |  |  |  | unto Abigail | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | servants *= servant* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **send** | present · perfect | David | us |  |  |  | unto thee | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |
| 5 | **take** | to-infinitive | David *not said here* | thee | David |  |  | to wife | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent thou=Theme to he=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ עַבְדֵ֥י דָוִ֛ד אֶל־אֲבִיגַ֖יִל הַכַּרְמֶ֑לָה וַיְדַבְּר֤וּ אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר דָּוִד֙ שְׁלָחָ֣נוּ אֵלַ֔יִךְ לְקַחְתֵּ֥ךְ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃

[1 Samuel 25:40: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.40/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:762` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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