---
title: 1 Samuel 26:1 (JPS 1917) — And the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah, saying: 'Doth not David h… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah, saying: 'Doth not David hide himself in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon?' Who acts: Ziphites, David, hill. 1 Samuel 26:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 26:1 · JPS 1917

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And the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah, saying: 'Doth not David hide himself in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon?'

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**Who acts:** Ziphites, David, hill · **What happens:** come, say, not hide, be · **To what, where:** Gibeah, David, hill · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 26:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ziphites, David, hill), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:767
# text = And the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah, saying: 'Doth not David hide himself in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Ziphites	Ziphite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Gibeah	Gibeah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
12	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	_
13	Doth	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
17	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	16	obj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Hachilah	Hachilah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	before	before	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Jeshimon	Jeshimon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	acl:relcl	_	_
28	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
29	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- indirect: yes
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the Ziphites |  |  | Gibeah |  | unto Saul | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to gibeah=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the Ziphites *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **hide** | present · do-support | David | David |  | the hill of Hachilah |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent himself=Patient in hill=Location |
| 4 | **is** | present | the hill of Hachilah |  |  |  | before Jeshimon |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ הַזִּפִים֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל הַגִּבְעָ֖תָה לֵאמֹ֑ר הֲל֨וֹא דָוִ֤ד מִסְתַּתֵּר֙ בְּגִבְעַ֣ת הַחֲכִילָ֔ה עַ֖ל פְּנֵ֥י הַיְשִׁימֹֽן׃

[1 Samuel 26:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:767` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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