---
title: 1 Samuel 26:2 (JPS 1917) — Then Saul arose, and went down to the wilderness of Ziph, having thr… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Saul arose, and went down to the wilderness of Ziph, having three thousand chosen men of Israel with him, to seek David in the wilderness of Ziph. Who acts: Saul. 1 Samuel 26:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 26:2 · JPS 1917

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Then Saul arose, and went down to the wilderness of Ziph, having three thousand chosen men of Israel with him, to seek David in the wilderness of Ziph.

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**Who acts:** Saul · **What happens:** arise, go down, have, choose, seek · **To what, where:** thousand chosen men, David, wilderness

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This is 1 Samuel 26:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:768
# text = Then Saul arose, and went down to the wilderness of Ziph, having three thousand chosen men of Israel with him, to seek David in the wilderness of Ziph.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	down	down	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Ziph	Ziph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
15	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	compound	_	_
16	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
17	chosen	choose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	seek	seek	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
26	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Ziph	Ziph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | past | Saul |  |  |  | then |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go down** | past | Saul *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the wilderness of Ziph; down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **have** | gerund | Saul *not said here* | thousand chosen men of Israel |  |  |  | with Saul | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient |
| 4 | **choose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **seek** | to-infinitive | Saul *not said here* | David |  | the wilderness of Ziph |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent david=Theme in wilderness=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּ֣קָם שָׁא֗וּל וַיֵּ֙רֶד֙ אֶל־מִדְבַּר־זִ֔יף וְאִתּ֛וֹ שְׁלֹֽשֶׁת־אֲלָפִ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ בְּחוּרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בְּמִדְבַּר־זִֽיף׃

[1 Samuel 26:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:768` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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