---
title: 1 Samuel 26:7 (JPS 1917) — So David and Abishai came to the people by night; and, behold, Saul… · tree and pragmatics
description: So David and Abishai came to the people by night; and, behold, Saul lay sleeping within the barricade, with his spear stuck in the ground at his head; and Abner and the people lay round about him. Who acts: David, Saul, Abner. 1 Samuel 26:7 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# 1 Samuel 26:7 · JPS 1917

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So David and Abishai came to the people by night; and, behold, Saul lay sleeping within the barricade, with his spear stuck in the ground at his head; and Abner and the people lay round about him.

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**Who acts:** David, Saul, Abner · **What happens:** come, lie, sleep, stick · **To what, where:** spear, ground

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This is 1 Samuel 26:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, Saul, Abner), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:774
# text = So David and Abishai came to the people by night; and, behold, Saul lay sleeping within the barricade, with his spear stuck in the ground at his head; and Abner and the people lay round about him.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Abishai	Abishai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	17	discourse	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
18	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	xcomp	_	_
19	within	within	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	barricade	barricade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
26	stuck	stick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	at	at	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	39	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
35	Abner	Abner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	nsubj	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	conj	_	_
39	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
40	round	round	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
41	about	about	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obl	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | David and Abishai |  |  |  | night | to the people | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to people=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **lie** | past | Saul |  |  |  |  | within the barricade; with David's spear | tree rules |
| 3 | **sleep** | gerund | Saul *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **stick** | participle |  | David's spear *not said here* |  | the ground |  | at David's head | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in ground=Destination |
| 5 | **lie** | past | Abner and the people |  |  |  |  | about David | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent about he=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּבֹא֩ דָוִ֨ד וַאֲבִישַׁ֥י ׀ אֶל־הָעָם֮ לַיְלָה֒ וְהִנֵּ֣ה שָׁא֗וּל שֹׁכֵ֤ב יָשֵׁן֙ בַּמַּעְגָּ֔ל וַחֲנִית֥וֹ מְעוּכָֽה־בָאָ֖רֶץ מְרַאֲשֹׁתָ֑יו וְאַבְנֵ֣ר וְהָעָ֔ם שֹׁכְבִ֖ים סְבִיבֹתָֽיו׃ס

[1 Samuel 26:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.7/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:774` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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