--- title: 1 Samuel 26:12 (JPS 1917) — So David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul's head; and… · tree and pragmatics description: So David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul's head; and they got them away, and no man saw it, nor knew it, neither did any awake; for they were all asleep; because a deep sleep from the LORD was fallen upon them. Who acts: David, Ziphites, man, men. 1 Samuel 26:12 in JPS 1917 with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.779/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/26/) / [26:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.12/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 26:12 · JPS 1917 So David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul's head; and they got them away, and no man saw it, nor knew it, neither did any awake; for they were all asleep; because a deep sleep from the LORD was fallen upon them. **Who acts:** David, Ziphites, man, men · **What happens:** take, get away, see, know, be, fall · **To what, where:** spear, head, spies, deep sleep This is 1 Samuel 26:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, Ziphites, man, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:779 # text = So David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul's head; and they got them away, and no man saw it, nor knew it, neither did any awake; for they were all asleep; because a deep sleep from the LORD was fallen upon them. 1 So so ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 2 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 spear spear NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 cruse cruse NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 11 from from ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 Saul Saul PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nmod:poss _ _ 13 's 's PART POS _ 12 case _ _ 14 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 17 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 got get VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 19 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ _ 20 away away ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 24 det _ _ 24 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 25 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 26 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 nor nor CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 29 cc _ _ 29 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ _ 30 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 32 neither neither CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 33 cc _ _ 33 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ _ 34 any any PRON NN PronType=Ind 33 nsubj _ _ 35 awake awake ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 36 ; ; PUNCT : _ 41 punct _ _ 37 for for SCONJ IN _ 41 mark _ _ 38 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 39 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 41 cop _ _ 40 all all ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 41 asleep asleep ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 advcl _ _ 42 ; ; PUNCT : _ 51 punct _ _ 43 because because SCONJ IN _ 51 mark _ _ 44 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 45 deep deep ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 sleep sleep NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 nsubj:pass _ _ 47 from from ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 49 det _ _ 49 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 nmod _ _ 50 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 51 aux:pass _ _ 51 fallen fall VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 41 advcl _ _ 52 upon upon ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 53 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 51 obl _ _ 54 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | past | David | the spear of water and the cruse | | Saul's head | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent spear=Theme from head=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **get away** | past | Ziphites *= ziphite* | spies *= spy* | | | | away *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **see** | past | no man | spear | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 4 | **know** | past | no man *not said here* | spear | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 5 | **is** | past | men *= man* | | | | | all, asleep *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **fall** | past · passive | | a deep sleep from the LORD | | | | upon men *= man* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּקַּח֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֜ית וְאֶת־צַפַּ֤חַת הַמַּ֙יִם֙ מֵרַאֲשֹׁתֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֣ין רֹאֶה֩ וְאֵ֨ין יוֹדֵ֜עַ וְאֵ֣ין מֵקִ֗יץ כִּ֤י כֻלָּם֙ יְשֵׁנִ֔ים כִּ֚י תַּרְדֵּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה נָפְלָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ [1 Samuel 26:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.12/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:779` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 26:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.778/) - next →: [1 Samuel 26:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.780/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 26:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.12/)