---
title: 1 Samuel 26:14 (JPS 1917) — And David cried to the people, and to Abner the son of Ner, saying:… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David cried to the people, and to Abner the son of Ner, saying: 'Answerest thou not, Abner?' Then Abner answered and said: 'Who art thou that criest to the king?' Who acts: David, thou, Abner. 1 Samuel 26:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 26:14 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And David cried to the people, and to Abner the son of Ner, saying: 'Answerest thou not, Abner?' Then Abner answered and said: 'Who art thou that criest to the king?'

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**Who acts:** David, thou, Abner · **What happens:** cry, say, not answer, answer, be · **To what, where:** people, king · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 26:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, thou, Abner), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:781
# text = And David cried to the people, and to Abner the son of Ner, saying: 'Answerest thou not, Abner?' Then Abner answered and said: 'Who art thou that criest to the king?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Abner	Abner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Ner	Ner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	_
19	Answerest	answer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
20	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	nsubj	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	Abner	Abner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	vocative	_	_
24	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
25	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	_
26	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	28	advmod	_	_
27	Abner	Abner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
31	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
32	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	33	punct	_	_
33	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	30	ccomp	_	_
34	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
35	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	33	nsubj	_	_
36	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	37	nsubj	_	_
37	criest	cry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	acl:relcl	_	_
38	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
41	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	33	punct	_	_
42	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	33	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | David |  | the people and Abner |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to people=Recipient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | David *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **answer** *speech: assert* | present | thou |  |  |  |  | Abner *vocative* | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Abner |  |  |  | then |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Abner *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **is a** | present | thou |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **cry** *speech: express* | present |  |  | the king |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to king=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּקְרָ֨א דָוִ֜ד אֶל־הָעָ֗ם וְאֶל־אַבְנֵ֤ר בֶּן־נֵר֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֲל֥וֹא תַעֲנֶ֖ה אַבְנֵ֑ר וַיַּ֤עַן אַבְנֵר֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר מִ֥י אַתָּ֖ה קָרָ֥אתָ אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃פ

[1 Samuel 26:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:781` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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