---
title: 1 Samuel 27:8 (JPS 1917) — And David and his men went up, and made a raid upon the Geshurites,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David and his men went up, and made a raid upon the Geshurites, and the Gizrites, and the Amalekites; for those were the inhabitants of the land, who were of old, as thou goest to Shur, even unto the land of Egypt. Who acts: David, those, land, thou. 1 Samuel 27:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency
---

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# 1 Samuel 27:8 · JPS 1917

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And David and his men went up, and made a raid upon the Geshurites, and the Gizrites, and the Amalekites; for those were the inhabitants of the land, who were of old, as thou goest to Shur, even unto the land of Egypt.

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**Who acts:** David, those, land, thou · **What happens:** go up, make, be, go · **To what, where:** raid, inhabitants, Shur

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 27:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, those, land, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:803
# text = And David and his men went up, and made a raid upon the Geshurites, and the Gizrites, and the Amalekites; for those were the inhabitants of the land, who were of old, as thou goest to Shur, even unto the land of Egypt.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	raid	raid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Geshurites	geshurite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Gizrites	gizrite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Amalekites	amalekite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
25	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
26	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	29	nsubj	_	_
27	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	parataxis	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
34	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	37	nsubj	_	_
35	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	acl:relcl	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
40	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	41	nsubj	_	_
41	goest	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	advcl	_	_
42	to	to	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	Shur	Shur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
45	even	even	ADV	RB	_	48	advmod	_	_
46	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	nmod	_	_
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | past | David and David's men |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **make** | past | David and David's men *not said here* | a raid |  |  |  | upon the Geshurites and the Gizrites and the Amalekites | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset raid=Product |
| 3 | **is a** | past | those | the inhabitants |  |  |  | of the land | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | the land |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **go** | present | thou |  |  | Shur |  | unto the land of Egypt | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to shur=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּ֤עַל דָּוִד֙ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֛וּ אֶל־הַגְּשׁוּרִ֥י וְהַגִּזְרִ֖י וְהָעֲמָלֵקִ֑י כִּ֣י הֵ֜נָּה יֹשְׁב֤וֹת הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם בּוֹאֲךָ֥ שׁ֖וּרָה וְעַד־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

[1 Samuel 27:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:803` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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